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【Adv.Mater.】复旦大学武利民|2020 ms超长寿命与34.1%高量子产率兼得的柔性高亮聚合物微球

【Adv.Mater.】复旦大学武利民|2020 ms超长寿命与34.1%高量子产率兼得的柔性高亮聚合物微球#

文章标题:High Performance Full-Color Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Polymer Microspheres and Their Applications

通讯作者:Yan Zheng, Chaolong Yang, Xiaojing Liang, Limin Wu

文章链接https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.73729

文章概要#

复旦大学武利民教授团队在国际顶尖期刊《Advanced Materials》上发表了最新研究成果。研究者们创新性地提出了一种原位交联自组装策略,成功将原本磷光性能微弱的柔性线性聚合物调制成具有高度刚性的纯有机全彩室温磷光聚合物微球。这种新型微球不仅攻克了传统聚合物室温磷光材料中“超长寿命”与“高量子产率”无法兼得的固有矛盾,更实现了高达2020 ms的超长磷光寿命34.1%的绝对磷光量子产率以及655.1 mcd/m²的超高亮度。这一策略赋予了材料在强酸、强碱以及长期水浸等极端恶劣环境下的优异稳定性,并在痕量有毒挥发性有机物的高灵敏可视化检测以及先进防伪和数字显示领域展现出巨大的工业化应用潜力。

FIGURE 1 Schematic illustration of the cross-linked self-assembly strategy for ultralong-lived and high-brightness RTP polymer microspheres. (a) Synthesis of weak RTP copolymers: PMMA-TVS-9-PVBCZ(P1), PMMA-TVS-3,6-DVCZ (P2), PMMA-TVS-4-VBNA (P3), and PMMA-TVS-4-VDPY (P4). (b) Schematic diagram illustrating the cross-linked self-assembly of polymer microspheres. (c) Proposed mechanism for achieving high brightness and long-lived afterglow emission by utilizing a crosslinking self-assembly strategy. This mechanism enhances the rigid environment, where Kisc is the rate constant of intersystem crossing, Kp,r is the radiative rate constant of phosphorescence, ΦP is the phosphorescence quantum yield, τP is the phosphorescence lifetime. (d) SEM image of P1. (e) SEM image and size distribution histogram of PM1.#

科学背景与研究痛点#

室温磷光聚合物材料凭借其制备工艺简单、成本低廉、兼具柔性与良好生物相容性等独特优势,在生物成像、信息加密及防伪等前沿科技领域备受青睐。然而,大多数纯有机聚合物由于其固有的柔性链段结构,极易在室温下发生剧烈的非辐射复合,导致三重态激子迅速猝灭。在过去的研究中,为了抑制这种分子运动,科研人员多采用强氢键网络等物理基质掺杂策略,但由于自旋禁阻跃迁的限制,材料往往只能在“长磷光寿命”或“高绝对量子产率”中二选一,难以兼顾高亮度与长余辉。更致命的是,传统的氢键网络对外界环境极度敏感,遇到水分、氧气或高温刺激时极易失效。因此,如何通过共价网络构建兼具高性能与极端高稳定性的室温磷光聚合物材料,一直是光电功能材料领域的重大科学难题。

核心实验结果#

为了打破上述性能瓶颈,研究团队精心设计并合成了一系列带有乙烯基官能团的潜在磷光客体分子。如图1所示,他们以含有丰富羰基、有利于促进单三重态系际交叉的甲基丙烯酸甲基酯为基体聚合物链段,引入共聚单体三氧甲基硅烷基苯乙烯以及特制的潜在发光体分子,首先共聚得到具有微弱磷光特性的线性协同聚合物。随后,在温和的碱性水相体系中,硅氧烷基团发生原位水解缩聚,自发构建出致密的硅氧烷共价交联网络,并通过自组装效应最终转变为形貌规整、平均粒径约为零点五微米的刚性聚合物微球。形貌测试直观地揭示了这一过程:原本在线性状态下呈无序薄片状结构的柔性高分子,在交联后完全演变为结构致密的均一球体。从分子构型到宏观微球的转变,使体系内部的微环境刚性激增,自由体积被深度压缩,从而有效锁定了激子的非辐射衰减通道。

FIGURE 2 Photophysical properties of cross-linked self-assembled polymer microspheres under ambient conditions. (a) Phosphorescence emission spectra of P1 and PM1 under identical conditions with λex = 365 nm and delay = 5 ms. (b) Phosphorescence lifetime decay profiles of the emission band at 495 nm of PM1 following 365 nm excitation. (c) Phosphorescence lifetimes of P1 and PM1. (d) Phosphorescence quantum yields of P1 and PM1. (e) Afterglow luminance decay curves of P1 and PM1. (f) Comparative analysis of the phosphorescence lifetime of PM1, PM2, and existing copolymerization systems, carbon dots doped matrix systems, and phosphor-doped PMMA or PVA matrix systems, as reported in the literature [27-42]. (g) Photographs demonstrating the long-lived RTP emission of PM1 and P1 after switching off UV-365 nm excitation.#

在光物理性能表征中,这种原位交联微球展现出了令人惊叹的性能飞跃。如图2所示,在三百六十五纳米紫外光激发下,原本柔性线性聚合物的磷光发射微弱到几乎无法用肉眼察觉,而自组装形成的聚合物微球则迸发出极强的青色室温磷光。数据表明,微球的磷光发射强度相比于交联前实现了断崖式暴涨。其最高磷光寿命达到了惊人的2020 ms,是原聚合物的七点四倍;绝对磷光量子产率跃升至34.1%,提升了六点三倍;其发光亮度更比交联前高出十倍以上。在关闭紫外光源后,微球表现出长达十七秒的肉眼可见超长余辉。更重要的是,通过替换不同的功能化发光体客体分子,该交联自组装策略展现出了极高的普适性,研究团队顺利制备出了全彩(绿、黄、红)室温磷光聚合物微球,其寿命和效率均比交联前实现了数倍至数十倍的协同提升,打破了同类聚合物发光材料的纪录。

FIGURE 3 Mechanism of Cross-linked Self-Assembly for Enhanced Brightness and Lifetimes of Polymer RTP Microspheres. (a) FTIR spectra of P1 and PM1. (b) XPS of P1 and PM1. (c) DSC curves of P1 and PM1. (d) EPR spectra of P1 and PM1 before and after 365 nm UV irradiation for 2 min. (e) ESP of weak RTP P1 determined through simulation. (f) Electrostatic potential (ESP) of strong RTP PM1 determined through simulation. (g) Energy levels and spin-orbit coupling constants of P1. (g) Energy levels and spin-orbit coupling constants of PM1. (i) Visualization of interactions in the polymeric structure of P1. (j) Visualization of interactions in the polymeric structure of PM1. (k) Distribution of different interactions via sign (λ2)ρ on IRI isosurfaces in P1. (l) Distribution of different interactions via sign (λ2)ρ on IRI isosurfaces in PM1.#

为了探明其内在机理,研究人员结合理论计算与光谱实验进行了深层次的微观剖析。如图3所示,红外光谱证实了硅氧烷基团的彻底水解以及共价网络的成功构建。微分扫描量热法测试显示,微球的玻璃化转变温度从交联前的近一百度显著提升至一百二十二点五度,直接证明了网络刚性的极大增强。电子顺磁共振光谱与不同氧气氛围下的对比实验共同揭示了一个关键机制:高刚性的微球不仅本身阻隔了氧气渗透,还极大地促进了光化学耗氧过程,在紫外光照射下能迅速将内部残留的三重态氧转化为单线态氧,从而原位创造了一个“自耗氧保护”的缺氧微环境。结合密度泛函理论计算可以发现,交联自组装后分子的静电势差显著扩大,能量跃迁能隙缩小,最核心的是其单三重态之间的自旋轨道耦合常数飙升了六点三九倍,这从根本上加速了激子的系际交叉速率,使其在拥有极低非辐射速率的同时维持了高效的三重态激子捕获能力。

FIGURE 4 Photophysical Properties of Self-Assembled Polymer Microspheres under Variable Temperature Conditions. (a–l) Normalized fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra (delay = 5 ms, (a), (d), (g), (j), phosphorescence spectra (b), (e), (h), (k), and phosphorescence lifetimes (c), (f), (i), (l) of PM1-PM4 measured at 80–280 K.#

FIGURE 5 Stability of High-Brightness and polymer RTP Microspheres in an Aqueous Environment. (a) Phosphorescence spectrum of PM1 in an aqueous environment with λex = 365 nm and delay = 5 ms. (b) Phosphorescence decay curve of PM1. (c) Phosphorescence spectrum of PM2. (d) Phosphorescence decay curve of PM2. (e) Phosphorescence spectrum of PM3. (f) Phosphorescence spectrum of PM3. (g) Phosphorescence decay curve of PM4. (h) Phosphorescence spectrum of PM4. Photographs showing long-lived phosphorescence emissions of PM1 (i), PM2 (j), PM3 (k), and PM4 (l) after removing the 365 nm UV light source at 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 oC in an aqueous environment.#

不仅性能优异,该微球还展现出了传统掺杂材料难以企及的极端环境抗性。如图4与图5所示,变温光谱证实了其长余辉完全来源于受控的三重态磷光发射,而非热激活延迟荧光。得益于共价网络的严密包裹,这些全彩聚合物微球在水相中表现出绝佳的 robustness 性能。在经历了长达三十分钟的高功率超声分散并放置于水中长达三十天后,其磷光光谱和寿命几乎没有任何衰减。即使在四十度到一百二十度的高温高湿水相环境中,或者面对pH值低至1的强酸、高至13的强碱侵蚀,微球依然能保持完好的球形形貌和稳定的全彩余辉显示。

FIGURE 6 Detection of VOCs. (a) Phosphorescence spectra of PM1-PVA with increasing concentrations of aniline. (b) Phosphorescence lifetime of PM1-PVA film excited at 365 nm across varying concentrations of aniline. (c) Calibration curves for the PM1-PVA film in response to aniline concentrations ranging from 0 to 9 × 10−4 mm at room temperature. (d) Phosphorescence intensity changes of PM1-PVA films at 490 nm after the addition of different VOCs for 2 min. (e) Phosphorescence lifetime changes of PM1-PVA films at 490 nm after exposure to different VOCs for 2 min. (f) Photographs of PM1-PVA films in the presence of aniline or other potential interfering agents, taken without (first row) and with (second row) aniline.#

为了推进其实际工业应用,研究团队将该室温磷光聚合物微球作为敏化剂掺杂至聚乙烯醇基质中制成复合薄膜,用于环境中有毒有害挥发性有机物的可视化痕量监测。如图6与图7所示,当该薄膜暴露于致癌物苯胺蒸气中时,薄膜的磷光强度剧烈衰减,且磷光寿命从1820 ms骤减至220 ms。通过构建低浓度下的线性斯特恩-沃尔默方程,计算出该系统对苯胺的检测限低至37 nM。对比实验表明,薄膜对甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯等常见干扰物完全不敏感,展现出极高的特异性选择识别能力。结合电化学循环伏安法与吸光度测试,研究人员证实该淬灭过程源于还原性光致电子转移机制:苯胺的高能级轨道向激发态微球发生了高效的电子转移,从而关闭了磷光辐射跃迁。最后,团队利用微球卓越的加工性能,通过将其与环氧树脂混合模塑,成功制造了在关灯后仍能高亮发光的先进发光二极管灯罩以及多色数字化三维防伪标牌。

FIGURE 7 Proposed Mechanism for Aniline Sensing. (a) Schematic illustration for the working principle of the Aniline detection by PM1-PVA film. (b–d) Cyclic voltammetry curves of Fc, PM1, and aniline. (e,f) The absorption of PM1 and Aniline. (g) The schematic illustration of the mechanism of Aniline sensing.#

总结与展望#

综上所述,该研究通过巧妙的共价原位交联自组装策略,完美解决了有机聚合物室温磷光材料中长寿命与高效率互相掣肘的世纪难题,为创制兼具高亮度、长余辉与极端稳定性特征的纯有机高性能光电材料开辟了全新路径。这种全彩长寿命磷光微球在未来不仅有望在严苛工业环境下的智能气体传感器、柔性光电器件中大放异彩,更将深入推动多维度高级信息安全防伪技术的产业化落地。未来,基于该微环境调控理论,设计响应速度更快、特异性更强的多功能智能光电材料体系将成为新的研究焦点。

【Adv.Mater.】复旦大学武利民|2020 ms超长寿命与34.1%高量子产率兼得的柔性高亮聚合物微球
https://fuwari.vercel.app/posts/fluorapid/2026/07-06月/26-06082/
作者
Fluolab
发布于
2026-06-18
许可协议
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0