【Adv.Mater.】北航孙艳明团队|突破空气加工瓶颈!新型交联阴极界面助力光伏效率达20.48%、寿命超2270小时

【Adv.Mater.】北航孙艳明团队|突破空气加工瓶颈!新型交联阴极界面助力光伏效率达20.48%、寿命超2270小时#

文章标题:Ambient‐Processed Organic Solar Cells Achieving Nearly 20.5% Efficiency and Industrially Viable Environmental Stability

文章作者:Junjie Zhang, Xiaopeng Duan, Jinye Chen, Jiawei Qiao, Yongni Su, Xunchang Wang, Shilin Li, Ziwei Zhang, Jiawei Deng, Cen Zhang, Wei Li, Renqiang Yang, Guanghao Lu, Xiaotao Hao, Yanming Sun

文章链接https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74716

文章概要#

针对有机太阳能电池难以在空气环境下规模化生产的行业痛点,研究团队提出了一种在阴极界面层原位构建疏水防护网络的新策略。通过向经典界面材料PNDIT-F3N中引入二乙氧基硅烷,利用环境水汽诱导原位水解缩聚,成功构筑了致密的Si─O─Si疏水交联网络,同时有效降低电子传输活化能并抑制界面过度聚集。基于该策略的非卤溶剂加工器件在全空气环境下实现了20.48% 的创纪录光电转换效率,在高湿环境(80% RH)下仍达20.22%,未封装器件的连续光照T80运行寿命高达2270小时,为有机光伏的低成本工业化制造奠定了重要基础。

引言#

有机太阳能电池因其轻薄、柔性及易于大面积印刷等优势而备受瞩目,但传统高性能器件的制备极度依赖惰性气体手套箱,严苛的工艺条件与高昂的维护成本成为制约其产业化落地的核心瓶颈。发展空气中可加工的器件关键在于阻隔水氧侵蚀,然而目前的主流阴极界面材料为保证良好的溶解性与电荷提取能力,普遍带有强亲水性基团,极易在空气制造过程中吸附水分导致界面微观形貌恶化和电荷传输衰减。若直接引入疏水链段改性,又常引起材料自聚集加剧和相容性变差,因此如何在提升界面疏水耐候性的同时兼顾优异的电荷传输特性,是实现高性能空气加工有机光伏面临的关键挑战。

主要实验及结论#

研究团队将二乙氧基硅烷等烷氧基硅烷作为交联前驱体引入PNDIT-F3N界面层中,利用旋涂时空气中的微量水分原位催化水解与聚合,成功构筑了疏水Si─O─Si交联网络(如图1)。红外与X射线光电子能谱证实了缩聚反应的发生及其与基体间的分子间相互作用,电子自旋共振与变温电导率测试表明改性界面具有更低的电子传输活化能与更高的载流子迁移率(如图1、图2)。掠入射X射线散射与原子力显微镜测试进一步显示,硅氧网络的形成显著抑制了界面材料的过度聚集,降低了薄膜表面粗糙度并大幅提升了表面电位分布的均匀性,有效改善了活性层与金属电极之间的接触界面(如图2、图3)。

Fig.1 (a) The chemical structures of F3N molecules. (b) Ball-and-stick models of DEES, TEES, and TEOS. (c) Hydrolysis and polymerization reaction of alkoxysilane in the moist air. (d) Schematic illustration of the Si─O─Si hydrophobic network in the hybrid CILs. (e) FT-IR spectra of the four CILs fabricated under ambient conditions after vacuum treatment. (f) Absorption spectra of the four CILs fabricated under ambient conditions. (g) Energy level diagram and h) electron spin resonance spectra of the four CILs. (i, j) Temperature-dependent conductivity and activation energy of the four CILs.#

Fig.2 High resolution XPS profiles of the (a) N and (b) S elements in the four fresh CILs. (c) 2D GIWAXS and (d) GISAXS patterns of the four fresh CILs. (e) IP and (f) OOP line-cut profiles of the GIWAXS patterns for the four fresh CILs. (g) 1D GISAXS intensity profiles and (h) the histograms of ξ and 2Rg of the four fresh CILs.#

Fig.3 (a) PL mapping results of the four CILs. (b) AFM height images and (c) KPFM images of fresh PM6/CIL films.#

在空气环境(50%相对湿度)与绿色非卤溶剂邻二甲苯体系下,二乙氧基硅烷改性的PM619.61%,引入D18构建的三元体系效率进一步攀升至20.48%,即便在80%的高相对湿度恶劣条件下仍取得了20.22% 的认证级表现(如图4)。超快瞬态吸收光谱与空间电荷限制电流测试表明,复合界面有效加速了电荷分离与提取速率,使载流子传输更为平衡并大幅压低了非辐射复合损失(如图4)。该策略在多种非富勒烯给受体组合及PDINN界面材料上均表现出优异的普适增效特性,且在大面积制备中展现出极佳的扩展性,有效面积为17.6 cm²的大面积模组实现了17.61%的光电转换效率(如图4)。

Fig.4 (a) The J—V characteristic curves and (b) efficiency-distributed histograms of PM6 OSCs with different CILs under AM1.5G illumination at 50% RH. (c) Plots of the PCE versus RH of the OSCs prepared under ambient conditions reported in the literature. (d) Histograms of mobilities for PM6 OSCs with different CILs. (e, f) 2D TAS images of the varied PM6/CIL films with the pump laser at 400 nm. (g) Normalized TA kinetics of the GSB decay probed at 780 nm of the varied PM6/CIL films. The inset is the histogram of extracted lifetime components. (h) Representative J–V (left Y-axis) and P–V (right Y-axis) characteristics of PM6:D18 modules with different CILs under AM1.5G illumination at 50% RH. Insert image is the schematic illustration of OSC module. (i) Plots of the PCE versus active area for OSC modules reported in the literature.#

在严苛的耐候性与长期运行测试中,水浸润实验直观证实了疏水网络如同一把“保护伞”,牢固阻隔了水分对下层功能膜层的侵蚀与剥离(如图5)。未封装器件在连续可见光照射(等效AM1.5G、45%–55%相对湿度)的最大功率点跟踪测试中,平均T80寿命从490小时显著延长至2270小时(如图5)。老化过程的原位能谱与晶体结构演变分析表明,交联网络有效遏制了界面原子的氧化降解与相分离尺寸的急剧扩张,使器件在光照、受热及水氧多场耦合作用下依然维持高度稳定的物理与电学性能(如图5)。

Fig.5 (a) Water immersion measurements of PM6/CIL films and OSC devices. (b) Photostability from 5 independent PM6 devices with different CILs measured under continuous visible-LED illumination (photocurrent equivalent to AM1.5G) using MPP tracking method at 45%–55% RH. High resolution XPS profiles of (c) N and (d) S elements in the different CILs before and after aging. (e) KPFM images of PM6/CIL films before and after aging. (f) OOP and (g) IP line-cut profiles of the GIWAXS patterns for PM6/CIL films before and after aging. (h) 1D GISAXS intensity profiles and (i) histogram of ξ and 2Rg for the different CILs before and after aging.#

总结及展望#

该工作通过巧妙的空气原位交联策略,成功化解了有机太阳能电池界面层在亲水加工性与疏水耐候性之间的固有矛盾,实现了器件效率、操作稳定性及大面积制备兼容性的协同飞跃。这种简便高效的界面改性手段不仅刷新了空气加工有机光伏器件与组件的效率纪录,更为摆脱高成本惰性气体制造依赖、推进有机光伏的工业化卷对卷印刷量产开辟了极具前景的技术路径。

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【Adv.Mater.】北航孙艳明团队|突破空气加工瓶颈!新型交联阴极界面助力光伏效率达20.48%、寿命超2270小时
https://blog.fluolab.cn/posts/2026/08月/wiley-adv-mater-00000145/
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