【Inorg.Chem.】江西省科学院邹吉勇|基于聚集诱导发光活性锌基金属有机框架传感器实现灭草松点亮型与维生素B₂比率/比色双模式检测(检测限分别达11.7 nM与6.1 nM)
【Inorg.Chem.】江西省科学院邹吉勇|基于聚集诱导发光活性锌基金属有机框架传感器实现灭草松点亮型与维生素B₂比率/比色双模式检测(检测限分别达11.7 nM与6.1 nM)
文章作者:Ying-Han Li, Ling Li, Sheng-Yong You, Li Zhang, Qiu Zeng, Zhao Chen, Ji-Yong Zou

第一部分:研究动因
农药灭草松(BEN)残留监控与维生素B₂(VB₂)营养剂量测定对保障食品安全和人体健康至关重要。目前主流的分析方法主要依赖高效液相色谱(HPLC)、液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)及酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)等技术。然而,这些经典方法面临着仪器昂贵、样品前处理繁琐、分析周期长以及依赖专业人员操作等关键短板,难以满足现场快速、可视化检测的需求。荧光传感技术因操作简便、响应迅速和灵敏度高而备受关注,但传统荧光分子易遭遇聚集导致荧光淬灭(ACQ)的问题。为此,将具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)特性的发光团引入金属有机框架(MOF)结构中,可利用框架刚性限制分子内运动并避免淬灭。本文旨在设计合成一种具备AIE活性的锌基金属有机框架传感器,解决灭草松与维生素B₂的高灵敏、快速双模式光学检测难题,为食品安全监控与环境现场分析提供便携高效的新平台。

Scheme 1 .Synthesis of AIE-Active ZnTCPP as Dual-Mode Fluorescence Turn-On BEN Determination and Ratiometric/Colorimetric VB2 Quantification
第二部分:研究实施方案与关键实验结果
本研究设计并合成了AIE活性锌基金属有机框架材料 ZnTCPP(化学式为 {[ZnNa(HTCPP)]·3H₂O·DMF}ₙ)。技术路线基于溶热合成法,将四羧基四苯基吡嗪()配体与锌离子、钠离子桥联构建三维骨架。单晶X射线衍射分析表明 ZnTCPP 结晶于单斜晶系 空间群,拥有沿着(010)和(001)方向的一维方孔通道,溶剂可达体积占比达 34.5%。该方案的创新点在于通过双金属(Zn/Na)配位刚性化网格,有效抑制了配体分子内旋转的非辐射跃迁,使材料在聚集或水相状态下展现出显著增强的荧光特性(AIE效应),并为目标客体分子提供了丰富的结合位点。

Fig.1 (a) Coordination mode of Zn2+ and Na+ ions in ZnTCPP (free solvent molecules and all hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity) [symmetric code: (A) −1/2+X, −1/2+Y, −1/2+Z; (B) 1 – X, −1/2 + Y, 3/2 – Z; (C) −1 + X,3/2 – Y; (D) 1/2 + X; (E)1/2 – X, 3/2 – Y,3/2 – Z; (F) −1/2 + X, 1 – Y, Z], (b) 3D Zn-HTCPP substructures, (c) 3D Na-HTCPP substructures, (d) 3D framework of ZnTCPP [Legend: Zn (green), Na (pink), N (blue), C (gray), and O (red)].
实验验证涵盖了溶液悬浮体系、试纸及水凝胶等多种平台。针对灭草松(BEN)检测,在DMSO体系中,ZnTCPP 表现出明显的“点亮型”(Turn-On)荧光增强效应(发射波长 432 nm)。在 0–40 浓度范围内,Stern-Volmer常数 达 ,检测限(LOD)低至 11.7 nM。作用机制主要由客体限制分子内运动(RIM)、光诱导电子转移(PET)及竞争吸收协同驱动。在橙子和苹果实际样品中,回收率达 95.1%–103.8%(RSD < 4.2%)。针对维生素B₂(VB₂)检测,在水及PBS缓冲液中,ZnTCPP 展现出比率型(发射波长 410 nm 降低、525 nm 升高)及比色响应,水相中 为 ,检测限低至 6.1 nM(PBS中为 7.8 nM)。在牛奶和维生素药片样品中的回收率为 95.6%–104.5%(RSD < 3.8%)。

Fig.2 (a) SEM image of ZnTCPP. (b) Element mapping of C, N, O, Zn, and Na in ZnTCPP.

Fig.3 (a) XPS survey spectra of ZnTCPP, VB2-treated ZnTCPP, and BEN-treated ZnTCPP; XPS high-resolution spectra of (b) Zn 2p, (c) C 1s, (d) N 1s, (e) O 1s, and (f) S 2p (only observed in BEN-treated ZnTCPP).

Fig.4 (a) Photoluminescence emission spectra of ZnTCPP dispersed in different solvents under identical excitation conditions. Inset: Corresponding photographs of ZnTCPP under UV irradiation (365 nm), (b) CIE chromaticity diagram calculated from the emission spectra of ZnTCPP in water, DMF, 1,4-dioxane, ACN, and EtOH, DMSO, as well as H4TCPP. (c) Solvent-fraction-dependent fluorescence emission spectra of ZnTCPP in DMSO/H2O mixtures with different water fractions (fw = 0–100%). Inset: Corresponding photographs of the dispersions under a 365 nm UV lamp.

Fig.5 (a) Fluorescence emission spectra of ZnTCPP upon the incremental addition of BEN (λex = 362 nm), (b) Linear regression between the fluorescence intensity ratio I/I0 and BEN concentration in the range of 0–40 μM, (c) Radar plot illustrating the fluorescence response of ZnTCPP toward various analytes, demonstrating high selectivity. (d) Anti-interference capability of ZnTCPP for BEN detection in the presence of various competitive substances, (e) Visual fluorescence color changes of ZnTCPP after immersion in different concentrations of BEN under 362 nm UV light, (f) ZnTCPP-coated test papers upon exposure to BEN and another interferent under 362 nm UV light.
从样品输入到结果输出的完整流程包括:样品萃取/溶解 与传感器快速作用(1分钟内达到响应平衡) 信号采集与定量分析。为实现现场可视化,研究团队进一步制备了 ZnTCPP 浸渍滤纸试纸,在 365 nm 紫外灯下可肉眼识别灭草松;同时开发了 ZnTCPP 荧光水凝胶,结合智能手机RGB颜色分析软件(工作曲线为 ,LOD 为 0.353 ),实现了维生素B₂的现场定量辨识。此外,传感器在经过 7次 循环离心洗涤再利用后,荧光强度与响应性能保持稳定,展现出优异的重复使用性与抗干扰能力。

Fig.6 (a) Emission spectra of ZnTCPP in aqueous solution after adding VB2 (0–120 μM); inset: color change of ZnTCPP before and after adding VB2 under 365 nm UV lamp, (b) Emission spectra of ZnTCPP in PBS buffer after adding VB2 (0–120 μM); inset: color change of ZnTCPP before and after adding VB2 under 365 nm UV lamp, (c) relationship between the intensity ratio (I525/I410) of ZnTCPP and VB2 concentration (0–120 μM), (d) relationship between the intensity ratio (I525/I410) of ZnTCPP and VB2 concentration (0–120 μM) in PBS buffer.

Fig.7 (a) Radar plot of the luminescence response of ZnTCPP toward VB2 and various interferents, (b) anti-interference performance of ZnTCPP for VB2 detection in the presence of competing species, (c) comparison of fluorescence intensity of ZnTCPP before and after VB2 sensing in recyclable applications, (d) response time of ZnTCPP toward VB2, (e) naked-eye observation photographs of luminescent hydrogels of ZnTCPP prepared by VB2 and other interferents, (f) portable luminescent hydrogels of ZnTCPP at different VB2 concentrations under 365 nm UV light, (g) the linear relationship between G/ (R + B) with VB2 concentrations (0–45 μM).
第三部分:创新与提升
本文的核心创新在于首次合成了具有AIE活性的双金属Zn-MOF传感器(ZnTCPP),并首次将其成功应用于农药灭草松的点亮型检测及维生素B₂的比率/比色双模式定量识别。在性能提升方面,材料实现了极低的检测限(灭草松 11.7 nM、维生素B₂ 6.1 nM)、极快的响应速度(<1分钟)以及高准确度的真实样品回收率(95.1%–104.5%),成功回应并解决了传统仪器检测成本高、耗时长、无法现场可视化的痛点。结合滤纸试纸与智能手机RGB分析的水凝胶平台,极大地拓宽了传感器在便携式现场检测中的实际适用范围。文中实验表明材料结构稳定且可多次再生,为开发新型便携式多功能光学传感器提供了重要示范。
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