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【Angew.Chem.】华东理工刘勇弟、雷菊英|5分钟实现100%去除:电子转移主导的COF催化新策略助力环境修复

文章标题: Process-Driven Protonation in Benzothiadiazole-Integrated Covalent Organic Frameworks: Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Pollutant Oligomerization via Dominant Electron Transfer Process

通讯作者: Juying Lei, Yongdi Liu

文章链接: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.4772250

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文章概要

该研究提出了一种过程驱动的质子化策略,通过设计集成了苯并噻二唑(BT)单元的共价有机框架(BT-COFs),成功将过一硫酸盐(PMS)的活化路径从传统的自由基调控转向了高效的电子转移过程(ETP)。这种动态响应机制利用PMS溶解产生的原位酸性,触发催化剂界面的电子结构重构,从而实现对有机污染物(如双酚A)的选择性低聚化去除。这一发现不仅打破了金属基催化系统的局限,还为设计智能化、可持续的环境修复系统提供了新范式。

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(a) The design of BT-COFs and TDA-COFs with similar structure. (b) Experimental and simulated PXRD pattern of BT-COFs. (c) Solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of BT-COFs and TDA-COFs. (d) FTIR spectra of BT-COFs and two monomers. (e) FTIR spectra of TDA-COFs and two monomers. (f) Raman spectra of BT-COFs and TDA-COFs.

引言

在基于PMS的高级氧化技术中,传统方法多依赖于非选择性的自由基途径,这往往导致污染物矿化不完全或产生毒性更高的副产物。为了解决这一痛点,非自由基介导的电子转移过程因其高选择性和低能耗而备受关注。然而,在金属游离系统中构建高效的电子传输通道极具挑战。研究团队敏锐地注意到,PMS在水溶液中产生的自发酸化效应常被忽视。通过引入具有质子响应特性的苯并噻二唑单元,可以利用这种环境变化作为“分子开关”,动态调整催化剂的表面电荷和能带结构,从而引导反应走向更有利的低聚化路径,实现污染物的高效毒性削减。

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(a) Schematic diagram of BT-COFs protonation. (b) Photograph of BT-COFs and TDA-COFs at different pH value. (c) Solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra, (d) Raman spectra, (e) FTIR spectra, (f) N 1s high resolution spectra of BT-COFs and H-BT-COFs.

主要实验及结论

研究人员通过溶剂热法成功合成了具有高长程有序性的BT-COFs。实验结果显示,在PMS存在的体系中,BT-COFs表现出惊人的催化活性,仅需5分钟即可实现100%的双酚A(BPA)去除,其准一级动力学常数高达1.68 min⁻¹,远超不含BT单元的对比样。即使在复杂的真实水体、多种无机阴离子干扰以及较宽的初始pH范围内,该体系依然保持了极强的抗干扰能力和稳定性。通过连续36小时的流动实验验证,催化剂表现出卓越的工业应用潜力。

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(a) Removal of BPA in PMS, BT-COFs/PMS and TDA-COFs/PMS systems. (b) K-value in different systems compared to reported work. (c) Anti-interference of BT-COFs/PMS system, (d) PXRD patterns of BT-COFs before and after reaction. (e) Performance of BT-COFs/PMS system in continuous flow reactor for 36 h. General experimental conditions: [catalyst]0 = 0.2 g/L, [PMS]0 = 1.5 mM, [BPA]0 = 20 mg/L, pH = natural.

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(a) EPR spectra with DMPO as trapping agent in water. (b) Removal of BPA with different kinds of scavengers added. Experimental conditions: [TBA] = 500 mM, [MeOH] = 500 mM, [p-BQ] = 1.5 mM, [FFA] = 1.5 mM. (c) EIS spectra of BT-COFs and TDA-COFs. (d) LSV curves in BT-COFs/PMS/BPA system. (e) OCP curves after adding PMS and BPA for BT-COFs and TDA-COFs. (f) In situ FTIR spectra in BT-COFs/PMS system. (g) In situ Raman spectra in PMS, BT-COFs/PMS, and BT-COFs/PMS/BPA system. Time-resolved in situ Raman spectra in (h) BT-COFs/PMS system and (i) BT-COFs/PMS/BPA system.

深入的机理研究结合了原位红外和原位拉曼光谱,证实了PMS在BT-COFs表面形成了H-BT-COFs-PMS活性络合物。密度泛函理论(DFT)计算进一步揭示了质子化作用通过诱导界面电子极化,显著增强了PMS的吸附能,并极大程度地窄化了前线轨道能隙,从而促进了从污染物到催化剂界面的电子快速传递。与传统的降解路径不同,BPA在该体系下主要通过苯氧自由基介导的低聚化作用转化为低分子量的低聚物,这些产物主要吸附在催化剂表面而非残留在溶液中,通过简单的溶剂洗涤即可实现催化剂的循环再生,有效避免了二次污染。

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ESP, HOMO, and LUMO orbitals distribution for (a) H-BT-COFs and (b) BT-COFs. (c) Electron density difference in the BT-COFs/PMS system and BT-COFs/PMS/BPA system. (d) Adsorption diagram of PMS at the optimal site on H-BT-COFs. (e) Schematic diagram of the frontier orbital theory for the reaction process.

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(a) TOC Removal in different initial PMS dosages. (b) Comparison between theoretical and real PMS consumption corresponding to TOC removal rate at different initial PMS dosages. (c) GPC curve, (d) MALDI-TOF mass spectrum, (e) 1H-NMR analysis of the oligomers on the surface of BT-COFs. (f) Transition state calculation of coupling of two BPA molecules. (g) O─H bond length of BPA in the BT-COFs/PMS/BPA system.

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The proposed mechanism in the BT-COFs/PMS system.

总结及展望

本研究成功建立了一种过程驱动的质子化范式,重新定义了PMS在催化体系中作为“活性界面调节剂”的角色。通过精确控制电子转移路径,BT-COFs不仅实现了污染物的高效去除,更在资源回收与可持续环境治理方面展现了独特优势。这种动态响应的金属游离系统设计思想,为未来开发响应型智能材料以及提升非均相催化反应的选择性开辟了新途径,对于推动环境化学领域的理论创新和实际应用具有重要意义。