【Angew.Chem.】华南理工王志明等|OLED效率新突破!EQE高达32.20%且无损色纯度,硼锁定八元环策略解决浓度淬灭难题
通讯作者: Han Zhang, Zhiming Wang

文章概要
引言
为了追求超高清显示的极致色彩还原,开发具备窄带发射特性的有机发光材料已成为OLED领域的核心课题。目前,多重共振(MR)材料因其极窄的光谱半峰宽和高发光效率受到广泛关注,但该类材料通常具有高度平面的分子结构,极易在固态下发生聚集诱导淬灭(ACQ),导致光谱增宽和效率大幅下降。为了克服这一挑战,研究团队提出了一种创新的硼锁定二氮杂八元环(Boron-Locked Diaza-Octagon) 策略。通过将非平面的八元环核心与硼氮(B/N)框架相结合,成功开发出兼具窄带发射、高迁移率和抗淬灭特性的新型发光分子,为实现高性能窄带OLED器件开辟了新路径。

The molecular design strategy of representative anti-quenching MR emitters and our design strategy for boron-based derivatives of 8NN.
主要实验及结论
研究人员设计并合成了三种基于八元环核心的衍生物:8NN-2MN、8NN-1B和8NN-2B。实验结果显示,通过温度和摩尔比控制的单步硼化反应,可以高效获得单硼和双硼锁定的分子。晶体结构分析证实,中心八元环呈现独特的马鞍形非平面构型,这种扭曲结构有效地抑制了分子间的π-π堆积,减少了能量损失。在光物理性能方面,8NN-1B和8NN-2B在甲苯溶液中表现出极佳的窄带发射特性,半峰宽仅为20纳米和22纳米。更令人兴奋的是,这两种分子展现出了罕见的聚集诱导发光(AIE)和聚集窄化发射(ANE)特性,这意味着它们在致密的聚集状态下反而能保持纯净的光谱和高效的发光。

(a) Synthetic procedures of 8NN-2MN, 8NN-1B, and 8NN-2B. Single-crystal structures of (b) 8NN-2MN and (c) 8NN-1B.

(a) Frontier molecular orbital distributions of three compounds calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. (b) Hole-electron distribution (hole: cyan; electron: violet) with the excited-state energies alignment and spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (<S|ĤSOC|T>) of 8NN-1B and 8NN-2B at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The calculated Huang-Rhys factors and reorganization energy from S1 to S0 and some vibration modes with large contributions to the Huang-Rhys factor (insert: vector of vibration corresponding to the normal mode) of (c, f) 8NN-2MN, (d, g) 8NN-1B, and (e, h) 8NN-2B.

UV-vis absorption and PL spectra. (a) UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in 1 × 10−5 M toluene at 300 K and phosphorescence spectra in toluene at 77 K. (b) The solvatochromic PL spectra of the compounds at RT of 8NN-2MN, 8NN-1B, and 8NN-2B.
在器件性能测试中,基于8NN-2B的非增感型OLED器件表现惊人。由于其分子内具有极快的反向系间窜越速率(kRISC达7.7 × 10⁵ s⁻¹),能够高效利用三重态激子。在2 wt%的低掺杂浓度下,器件实现了高达32.20%的最大外量子效率(EQE),且在1000 cd/m²的高亮度下,效率滚降极低,仍能保持29.10%的EQE。更具有工业应用意义的是,得益于八元环结构的抗淬灭优势,该系列材料在10 wt%的高浓度掺杂下,依然能够维持超过31%的峰值效率,且EL发射峰和半峰宽几乎没有发生恶化,显著降低了实际生产中对低浓度掺杂工艺的依赖。

(a) PL spectra in DMF/water mixtures with different water fractions (_f_w). (b) The normalized PL curves with different _f_w. (c) The plot of the relative PL intensity (I/I0), and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of PL spectra versus _f_w in DMF/water mixtures of 8NN-2MN, 8NN-1B, and 8NN-2B. Concentration: 10−5 M.

(a) Device architecture and energy level diagram of the functional materials at 2 wt% doping for 8NN-2MN, 8NN-1B, and 8NN-2B. (b) EL spectra of the devices, and (c) external quantum efficiency (EQE) versus luminance curves at 2 wt% doping concentration. (d) Three-dimensional comparison graph of EQEmax, EL wavelength, and efficiency roll-off for reported OLED performance employing green sensitizer-free MR-TADF emitters without heavy atoms. With PhCzBCz as the host, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) versus luminance curves and EL spectra (inset) of the OLEDs at doping concentrations of 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% based on (e) 8NN-2MN, (f) 8NN-1B, and (g) 8NN-2B.
总结及展望
本研究通过精妙的分子工程,成功证明了负曲率二氮杂八元环单元在抑制多重共振发光体聚集淬灭方面的巨大潜力。这种将非平面柔性核心与刚性硼氮框架协同调节的策略,不仅大幅提升了激子转化动力学,更解决了高浓度下窄带发光体色彩不纯和效率下降的痛点。这种兼顾超高效率、低效率滚降以及工艺宽容度的材料设计思路,为下一代大尺寸、高亮度的超高清显示技术提供了关键的物质基础。未来,基于此类策略的深蓝光材料开发将成为该领域进一步突破的重要方向。